SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

Septic arthritis produces a painful swollen joint and is caused by an infection. It is sometimes called bacterial arthritis or non-gonococcal septic arthritis. Bacteria from another infection in the body are usually the cause of septic arthritis. The bacteria spread to the joint through the blood. The joint affected is usually one that has had surgery or an injury at a previous time. Septic arthritis may also be caused by an injury or after surgery to a joint. Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease, can also cause septic arthritis.

Anyone of any age can get septic arthritis, though it is more common in people over 80, and in children under 3 years of age. People most likely to get septic arthritis are those who have diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, recent joint surgery, have had a joint replaced, or have a skin infection. Other conditions that influence the onset of septic arthritis are cirrhosis of the liver, kidney disease, cancers, people on dialysis, and intravenous drug users.

Septic arthritis most often affects only one joint, although several joints can be affected at the same time. The hips and knees are most often affected. The first symptoms of septic arthritis are a swollen, red, and painful joint and possible fever. Often the person does not move the joint because of the pain and swelling.

Septic arthritis is the most serious infection that affects joints. It is considered an urgent medical condition and a person with the symptoms of septic arthritis should see a healthcare provider immediately.

The person with septic arthritis will need to be treated in the hospital. Fluid will be taken from the joint so that the fluid can be tested for infection to see what type of bacteria is causing the problem. As soon as the cause of the infection is found, antibiotics are given. The joint must be drained often, usually using a needle. For severe septic arthritis, it may be necessary to have surgery to drain the joint and clean it out with sterile liquids. The joint will be immobilized. Warm compresses may be used to help with the pain. Antibiotics may be necessary for 3 to 6 weeks. Physical therapy is usually started as soon as the patient can move the joint. The outcome of septic arthritis is usually good when treated as soon as possible. If treatment is delayed, permanent joint damage may occur.

Often septic arthritis cannot be prevented. It may be necessary for people who have rheumatoid arthritis or joint replacements to take antibiotics when having dental work. Ask your healthcare provider about your possible need for antibiotics when having dental work.

For more information, contact your local chapter of the Arthritis Foundation, call the national office at (800) 283-7800, or visit their website at www.arthritis.org.

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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