ATTENTION DEFICIT / HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

At times, a child may seem to be overactive or easily distracted. It is natural for toddlers around age 2 or 3 to be impulsive and active. They often have a short attention span. Hyperactive children are more active, distractible, and high strung than their peers. Their behavior is never calm, nor does it improve, as they get older.

Hyperactivity is a pattern of behavior that affects about 1 in 20 children under age 12. Boys are affected 4 to 7 times more often than girls. Its cause is unknown, however it is defined in behavioral terms as a neuropsychological disorder. Diagnosis is based on historical information from parents, teachers and other caregivers.

The American Academy of Pediatrics identifies key signs of hyperactivity. Contact your pediatrician if 3 or more of these warning signs occur on a regular basis:

difficulty in paying attention to interests of other children the same age
trouble in following simple instructions
repeated running into the street, interrupting other children's play, or racing through off-limit areas without considering the consequences
unnecessarily rushing activities, such as running, touching, and jumping, without periods of rest
sudden emotional outbursts, such as crying, angry yelling, hitting, or frustration that seems unsuitable and
persistent misbehavior despite being told "no" many times

Hyperactive children are very prone to accidents. They may destroy property and hurt themselves and other people. These children need help in learning how to control their behavior. Discipline with constructive responses. Walk away from a temper tantrum and discuss the incident later when the child is calm. Distract an overexcited child with another activity. Notice and praise good behavior. Loving, nonviolent discipline is the best approach to improving self-esteem and social skills.

Treatment can enhance learning, control behavior, and improve self-esteem. Methods of treatment may include counseling, support group interaction, and medication.

Severe cases of hyperactivity may require drugs to control impulses and behavior. The result is usually more cooperation with peers and improved classroom performance. Drugs are usually not used in children under 3 years. Children being treated with drugs should have their height and weight monitored by their healthcare provider.

Talk to your healthcare provider if you see signs of hyperactivity in your child.

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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