Cancer Prevention and Diet

Does my diet affect my chances of getting cancer?

Although the cause of cancer is not known, about 1 in 3 cancers may be related to what you eat and drink. For example, a diet that is high in fat may increase your risk for getting cancers of the breast, uterus (womb), prostate, colon, and rectum. Being overweight increases your risk of cancers of the uterus, gallbladder, kidney, stomach, colon, and breast. A fatty diet and being overweight also increase your risk for heart and circulation problems. Cancers of the stomach and esophagus have been linked to smoked and cured meats. Heavy use of alcohol may be related to cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx (voice box), and liver.

Do any foods help prevent cancer?

No foods are guaranteed to protect you from cancer, but fruits and vegetables contain fiber, vitamins, and phytochemicals that have a role in preventing cancer.

Fiber is the plant material in our diet that is not digested. It keeps food moving through our intestines. Fiber comes from whole-grain breads and cereals, as well as fruit and vegetables.

Vitamins C and E act as antioxidants. Antioxidants help prevent or repair damage to cells caused by pollution, sunlight, and normal body processes. Excellent sources of Vitamin C are citrus fruits, Brussels sprouts, peppers, and tomatoes. Vitamin E is found in vegetable oils, seeds and nuts, leafy green vegetables, and tomatoes.

Vitamin A and folate both help cells develop normally. Vitamin A is present in liver, fortified dairy products, eggs, and butter. Asparagus, leafy green vegetables, and fortified cereals are good sources of folate.

Vitamin C is present in some vegetables, like potatoes, and in many fruits, especially tomatoes and citrus fruits. Ask your healthcare provider about vitamin and mineral supplements.

Phytochemicals are natural chemicals that give plants their color, flavor, smell, and texture. Phytochemicals are only found in plants, so it is important to eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and beans.

For a diet that helps protect you against cancer:

Get more fiber in your diet. Foods that are rich in fiber help you to feel full and maintain your weight. Oat bran, fruits, and beans also help lower cholesterol.
Eat more whole-grain breads, pastas, and cereals.
Eat less fat. When you eat meat, trim off the fat and skin. Use nonfat or low-fat dairy products. Remember that desserts are usually high in both fats and calories.
Eat more fish and white meat (chicken, turkey) and less red meat (beef, lamb, pork). Eat less smoked and processed meats and fish.
Change how you cook. Grilling, broiling, and frying meat at high temperature creates chemicals that may increase cancer risk. The same meat cooked in a stew or steamed, poached or microwaved is safer.
Drink alcohol moderately if at all. Your risk of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver are increased if you drink more than 1 drink a day if you're a woman or 2 drinks a day if you're a man.
Eat 5 to 13 servings a day of fruits and vegetables.
Eat a variety of foods.
If you are overweight, talk to your provider about losing weight.

Diet and lifestyle changes can help you take control of your health. Make healthy choices about regular physical activity, weight, consumption of alcohol, smoking, and the foods you eat. Talk your health care provider if you have questions or special concerns about your risk of cancer.

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

HIA File PRV4652F.HTM Release 9.0/2006