ENDOMETRIOSIS

The tissue that lines the inside of the uterus or womb is called the endometrium. Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue in places other than the uterus. This misplaced tissue may grow on or under the ovaries, behind the uterus, or on the tissue that holds the uterus in place. Endometrial cells can also grow on the fallopian tubes, and in the intestines, bladder, or vagina.

The misplaced tissue grows and bleeds each month just like a normal period does. The blood has nowhere to go, so it causes irritation and inflammation where it settles. Irritation can lead to scar tissue and adhesions. Adhesions are scar tissue that binds organs together. Adhesions or scars on the ovaries or tubes can cause infertility. It is estimated that up to 50 percent of infertile women have endometriosis.

The cause of endometriosis is unknown. It tends to run in families. Endometriosis is very common among women who are still having a period. This condition usually disappears after menopause. Endometrial implants rarely become cancer.

Pain is the most common symptom. Pain may occur during sexual intercourse or during menstruation. Other symptoms of endometriosis may include heavy periods, painful bowel movements, constipation, and blood in the urine or stool during the menstrual period. In addition to having physical symptoms some women also experience depression and poor self-esteem with not being able to get pregnant.

A medical specialist called a gynecologist diagnoses endometriosis. A gynecologist will require a medical history and give a complete physical exam that includes a pelvic examination. A positive diagnosis is determined by a minor surgical procedure, called a laparoscopy. This procedure allows for examination of the abdomen using a lighted telescope to search for endometrial implants and determine the severity of the disorder.

Treatment is based on the severity of the symptoms, the extent of the disease, and a couple's desire for fertility. Treatment can include medical or surgical approaches. Mild pain medicines may be used for painful periods. Hormones or birth control pills may also be prescribed. Surgery to remove the endometrial implants is usually performed through a laparoscope. Abnormal tissue is destroyed or removed. Rarely is a hysterectomy needed to control symptoms. Recurrences of endometriosis are fairly common.

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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